He is well-known internationally for his teaching resources that have won him the TES Best contributor award and have been downloaded over 6,000,000 times by hundreds of thousand of teachers worldwide. 10. So, for instance, using the verb querer to express what one wants someone to do will require the use of querer + que+ subject + present subjunctive (e.g. is this sentence correct or incorrect? doesnt prepare for National Examinations. It is also important to not only learn the various verbs, adverbs, etc., in the German language, but in order to speak with people or read it you must know how to form sentences properly.Some of the things you have to know how to do are to transform singular sentences to plural sentences; learn how to form subordinate clauses; dass or das; learn how to form . Unable to add item to List. Hence, each instructional sequence gradually increases the cognitive challenge, with receptive activities in the initial section of each sub-unit paving the way for the productive ones located at the end and with each task priming the next. Becoming an EPI teacher Contact: RDeSouza@whs.bucks.sch.uk Head of Languages at Wycombe High School, ONLINE. Whilst Scripted listening and Dictation tasks build a strong SSC implicitly, explicit SSC-focused episodes can still be embedded through corrective feedback (e.g. The present indicative of AVOIR and ETRE and adjectival agreement are constantly recycled throughout a term of work on describing people. voy/va/vamos/etc. Dont make the impromptu assessment summative or formal, so that it wont demoralize the students if they do badly. This no-frills book contains 19 units of work on very popular themes, jam-packed with graded vocabulary-building, reading, translation, retrieval practice and writing activities. German Pre-intermediate to Intermediate Sentence Builders. Also without the errors that are in some of the other books in this series. There are so many resources available for teaching German. Keynote. 15. Sorry, there was a problem loading this page. principle that learners learn best from comprehensible and highly patterned input flooded with the target linguistic features, the authors have carefully designed each and every text and activity to enable the student to process and produce each item many times over. Recycle, recycle, recycle. I researched Language Acquisition, Essay Writing, Error Correction, Learning Strategies and Learner Training impact on L2-writing proficiency under the supervision of Professor Macaro, Head of the Oxford University Department of Education and Editor of the prestigious ' International Journal of Applied Linguistics' both on my Ph.D and on a large-scale research project in Oxford comprehensive schools (documented in Macaro, 2001's book). 7th July: Epsom Becoming an EPI teacher https://networkforlearning.org.uk/courses/2022-07-07/epi-teacher-7-jul-2022 Epsom, 8 July: Leicester- Lionheart Educational Trust (not open to externals), 11th July: East Riding Yorkshire (event not open to externals), 13th July: Coventry Evidence-based strategies for effective and enjoyable grammar learning. Pitfall 5 Grammar-knowledge-only assessments. Spanish Sentence Builders. by Gianfranco Conti, PhD. This is another preposterous misrepresentation. This book is a great addition to my teaching. The teaching of grammar arises organically from the need to enhance the generative power of each target sentence pattern this is a major innovation of this book. Fluency in the spontaneous deployment of a grammar structure is a very lengthy process which might take several years. Safe to say this will save hours!! , Runcorn, Cheshire. Which brings me to the next point. Pay Less. A task which included a mix of L1 to L2 and L2 to L1 translation : 1/2 the sentences were to be translated from Spanish to English and the other 1/2 from English to Spanish. 3. Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings, help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them.Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. Note that processability is a function of cognitive load, i.e. 6 Autonomous recall this is where short achievement tests are staged. A very prominent lady said: I dont understand how it is different from what we used to do it the 80s. He has also published the best-selling Sentence builders series of workbooks aimed at classroom and independent learning for beginner to intermediate learners of Spanish, French, German and Italian, based on 'EPI', co-authored with his former colleague Dylan Viales, which has been currently adapted to Irish, Welsh, Dutch and other languages. The target construction are taught as unanalysed chunks. Another important issue further exacerbates the problems discussed in point 5 above: the target structure in Teacher Xs test paper is beyond the current developmental reach of her students (year 8 UK system). Let us have a look at the issues with that assessment that one can easily identify at a glance. The input-flooding, input-enhancement, repeated processing and thorough-processing elicited by the tasks included in the instructional sequences throughout this phase, allow for multiple encounters with the target input, which is likely to result in implicit learning. Pupils KS3 end of year results have been very good indeed with such a huge percentage obtaining Mastery. During the Structured production phase (the S in MARS), pairwork retrieval practice and communicative activities elicit production of the target structure. Others have hybridized it, as it were, combining their existing approach or other approaches with mine (e.g. The former will tell you if they can do it when there are prompts or a clear pattern as to what they are required to retrieve and usually pose a lower cognitive load; the latter is a test of spontaneous deployment of the target structure (hence it will tell you if the target structures have really been acquired). In fact, in order to make sure that the L1-to-L2 meaning mapping is as unambiguous as possible, I encourage the use of literal translation. I am naturally grateful to Gianfranco Conti for convincing a slight sceptic how useful sentence builders are Part One Using sentence builders I wouldn't use these every week, but I can imagine using them at KS3, maybe KS4 too, on a pretty regular basis as part of the repertoire. His mission is to make current Cognitive Science and Applied Linguistics research available to the busy classroom practitioner and to translate it in implementable and impactful instructional strategies which make languages accessible for all. In his current role as Visiting Fellow at the University of Reading, he has lexicogrammar acquisition, listening instruction, metacognition, error correction and learner autonomy as his main research interests. Contact: HOrourke@sandbachhigh.co.uk, Birmingham, 1st December Becoming an EPI teacher: a deep dive into Dr Contis Extensive Processing Instruction, https://networkforlearning.org.uk/courses/2022-12-01/epi-teacher-1-dec-2022, ONLINE, 5th December Memory: what every language teacher should know, https://networkforlearning.org.uk/courses/2022-12-05/mfl-memory-15-feb-2022, ONLINE, 6th December Metacognition in MFL, https://networkforlearning.org.uk/courses/2022-12-06/metacognition-mfl-5-apr-2022, ONLINE, 7th December Teaching Phonics, https://networkforlearning.org.uk/courses/2022-12-07/phonics-in-mfl-27-jan-2022, ONLINE, 8th-9th December CSC consortium Wales (open only to CSC teachers). Very clearly presented (which is rarely the case in other German books), and students find it easy to use even without teacher support. He has researched the impact of metacognitive strategies training and error correction on L2 essay writing under the supervision of Oxford University Professor Ernesto Macaro both during his PhD and a large-scale project in English comprehensive schools documented in Professor Macaro's 2001 book. 2 Awareness-raising the learners attention is drawn to specific features in the model sentences, e.g. In the Structured Production phase, prior to the Chunking aloud games typically staged with beginner to pre-intermediate classes, another short pop-up phonics session may occur to sensitize and prime the students, in which you would stage phonological awareness classics such as Minimal pairs, Phonemes bingo, Contrast and response, Rhyming pairs and others detailed in this post . French Sentence Builders - A Lexicogrammar approach: Beginner to Pre-intermediate, IRISH GCSE REVISION SELF, FAMILY & FRIENDS, LEISURE & DAILY ACTIVITIES (The Language Gym - Sentence Builder Books), Irish Sentence Builders - A Lexicogrammar approach - Answer Book, Pre-Intermediate to Intermediate - German Sentence Builders, Pre-Intermediate to Intermediate - Spanish Sentence Builders (The Language Gym - Sentence Builder Books). Dr Gianfranco Conti: Publsiher: Unknown: Total Pages: 0: Release: 2022-04-05: Genre: Electronic Book: ISBN: 3949651438: Pitfall 7 Highly telegraphed tests. , Independently published (November 2, 2020), Language The Language Gym language-gym.com website. Pitfall 3 Scoring translation tasks to asses the learning of a grammar structure holistically, If the translation of a sentence is used as a means to assess grammar, how is the translation of the portion of that sentence which doesnt contain the target structure scored? 11. Key vocabulary, lexical patterns and structures are recycled and interleaved throughout. Y10 Sentence starters Match up. The Kingston Academy, Richmond Road, Kingston-upon-Thames Contact: 020 8465 6200 or email jtaylor@thekingstonacademy.org, 1st July : Haberdashers Girls School, Elstree, Herfordshire. The reasons for these misconceptions are manyfold. 12. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, January 17, 1895, Image 2, brought to you by Wisconsin Historical Society, and the National Digital Newspaper Program. (Listening-As-Modelling), Narrow Reading techniques, Retrieval practice tasks, Chunking-aloud games, Fluency-training activities, Universals, L.I.F.T, etc. Meaningless parroting, 4. is an ideal supplement to this booklet. Each unit in the book includes: Based on the E.P.I. Figure 3 A sample German sentence builder from http://www.sentencebuilders.com. Click to build sentences from the SB table & hear SB content spoken via TTS. Use a synergy of Explicit and Implicit learning (Ellis and Shintani, 2013). There no longer was the fright of the blank Powerpoint, it all made sense. Also, I have always found that textbooks, even when used in synergy with their associated workbooks, provide insufficient multimodal practice. There I realised, to my horror, that even some prominent MFL influencers I talked to on the day had some serious misconceptions about the approach and a superficial understanding of it. Founder, owner and CEO of the leading language learning website The Language Gym, Gianfranco is an applied linguistics MA and PhD graduate with many years of classroom experience. This is a major shortcoming of traditional grammar instruction at large, as research shows clearly that the learning of L2 grammar structures must be multimodal for them to be effectively learnt. What is important to take away from the above discussion is that before assessing grammar we must have a clear understanding of what it actually means to KNOW grammar. As happens with grammar, phonics too are taught through a synergy of Explicit and Implicit instruction. The teacher may decide to do this deductively (explicitly teaching the grammar); through guided discovery (leading the students with guiding questions to working out the grammar rules) or totally inductively (the learners, given a number of sentences exemplifying the target rules infer the rules by themselves). Breaking the Sound Barrier: teaching learners how to listen. This state of things is of course exacerbated when the students are told explicitly that the test is going to be on that particular grammar structure retrieval strenght will be even higher in this case. padres/amigos/hermanos/etc.) Also, revision quickies are interspersed throughout the sub-units and every macro-unit ends with a massive recap of everything covered thus far. Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 26 September 2020. I hope the above is useful to you and look forward to your comments. Includes initial monthly payment and selected options. 8. So, whilst the challenge increases gradually, the students get to the next phase prepared and more confident. 16. Below are the current dates. Brought in in the latter phase of the process, Esmeralda was very valuable in filling some of the gaps Dylan and I had left in the book at that stage, including creating a number of sub-units, following the EPI blueprint. Traditional PPP, especially when consisting of masses of grammar learning, however well-planned and systematic, is unlikely to be inclusive and exciting for the average teenager. German Sentence Builders has been added to your Cart. how to remove stains from silicone spatula; mississauga rebels home arena; german sentence builders conti. rafael angel uribe serna; undersized defensive ends; remington 1100 performance parts; (3) dont overuse acronyms to learn grammar rules (e.g. Paper 1 sentence starters Missing word. orattendmy upcoming workshops. Shipping cost, delivery date, and order total (including tax) shown at checkout. with known vocabulary) in order to decrease cognitive load (Conti and Smith, 2020). Be cognizant of the fact that when the brain focuses on meaning (e.g., in a reading comprehension) it doesnt pay attention to form. For instance, in Spot the intruder, the learner is given a written text and must identify any words contained in that text, which are not read aloud by the teacher. When we retrieve a word, the brain first activates its meaning, then its grammar and syntax. On the other hand, if I practise the deployment of locative adverbs/adverbials in the context of role-plays, I might be able to transfer it to a real-life interaction in which I ask for directions, for instance. Our payment security system encrypts your information during transmission. German Primary Sentence Builders is a workbook aimed at beginner students, co-authored by six modern languages educators with over 90 years of extensive classroom experience between them, both in the UK and internationally. The sentence builder was modelled on one in this video from Vincent Everett (the sentence builder appears at the 3min 20), which uses modal verbs and infinitives. In the last five years, together with Dr Conti, his mentor, and one of the greatest minds in the language pedagogy field, he has driven the implementation of E.P.I. 13.Mind processability theory, whereby one cannot learn a structure which requires for its execution the mastery of a number of cognitive operations, unless those operations have been proceduralised (Pienemann, 1998). One of these tasks can be used too for assessment purposes. The enhancements that you chose aren't available for this seller. It can be used independently by students as well as for teacher-directed classroom practice. : As for the notion that EPI is about the teaching of unanalysed formulaic chunks of language, I hope I have shown that is not the case at all although, of course, some chunks have the potential to stay unanalysed (e.g. 1. In the second part of this phase, the learners engage in retrieval practice and in highly structured oral and written communicative activities. It may take years to get to procedure 6 in real life acquisition, however, the students are often asked to produce subordinate sentences relatively early in the instructed acquisition process, thereby making lots of mistakes. It looks like WhatsApp is not installed on your phone. After seventeen years of teaching, learning about Extensive Processing Instruction and putting it into practice, has been a fascinating journey. Receptive and productive activities from the previous phases (in which the target rule is task-essential) can be employed here. This was because the curriculum was structured in a way that made it accessible to all pupils, certainly more than with traditional language teaching. Buy German Sentence Builders - A Lexicogrammar approach: Beginner to Pre-intermediate (The Language Gym - Sentence Builder Books) by Conti, Dr Gianfranco, Viales, Mr Dylan, Weidner, Mr Thomas, Porter, Ms Isabelle (ISBN: 9798679283923) from Amazon's Book Store. Finally, tests must be valid and reliable before we can make bold claims about how impressive our students progress in grammar learning is like Teacher X did in her tweet. Mastering all the usages of 'newly born' from sentence examples published by news publications. We dont share your credit card details with third-party sellers, and we dont sell your information to others. Check out: http://www.networkforlearning.org.uk, 28th June: Becoming an EPI teacher. Another short pop-up grammar session may take place at this stage to activate prior knowledge, clarify misconceptions and prime the students for the use of the target structure during this phase, which would ideally last two lessons. I enjoy blogging about language teaching and learning and creating French/Spanish/Italian teaching materials which I publish on www.tes.co.uk where, in the last 3 years, I have uploaded over 2,000 free resources which have been downloaded over 5,000,000 times by over 100,000 language teachers worldwide (my profile: https://www.tes.co.uk/member/gianfrancoconti1966). Hence, (1) be more tolerant of errors in spoken than in written production (Nation, 2013)and (2) ensure that you practise grammar through listening and speaking too; most language teachers dont. It is very much like training a puppy to perform a trick at home only to find out that they cant perform it at the park (because the surrounding environment has changed). Contact: loveridgek@denmarkroad.org, 8th June (ONLINE): Full-day Becoming an EPI teacher course: https://networkforlearning.org.uk/courses/2022-06-08/epi-teacher-17-24-may-7-jun-2022, 10th June: Curriculum Design and procedures. Grammar structures require more recycling than vocabulary because they require the learning and application of abstract knowledge in a short time window. Thus, phonics teaching starts implicitly from the get-go, in the Modelling phase. The answer: fluency cant be achieved using the traditional PPP approach or short instructional sequences of a couple of lessons, as textbooks purport to do. Chain reading; Chain dictation, Tongue twisters, Fast and Furious, Puzzle race). The clip shows the victim sitting on a curb in front of the St. Louis Globe-Democrat building while the suspect stands over him, apparently struggling to load a gun. An amazing book, which has endless amounts of activities to engage German pupils! In the example in figure 3 below, for instance, the text is flooded with French perfect tense and imperfect forms which have been highlighted in yellow and blue. It contains 16 units which focus mainly on the themes: myself, family and relationships, daily activities, my role model, hobbies and . german sentence builders conti. Thorough processing means that, if you have flooded the input with the target graphemes/phonemes, the chances of the students learning SSC are likely to be multiplied. East Manchester Academy, Manchester. French Sentence Builders - A Lexicogrammar approach: Beginner to Pre-intermediate, 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. Moreover, the linguistic content has been selected by the NCELP curriculum designers top-down and without any apparent guiding principle apart from high frequency for the target lexical items. We are sorry. Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them.Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. ), PGCE (Modern Languages and P.E. Enroll here: https://www.networkforlearning.org.uk/courses/2023-03-23/epi-teacher-23-march-2023, 24 March Bushey, Hertfordshire Becoming an EPI teacher. Thank you @gianfrancocont9 for such an incredibly useful and thorough training today! ${cardName} not available for the seller that you chose. the one learnt in previous units on describing classroom objects, people animals, etc.). This book is a great addition to my teaching. Extensive Processing Instruction (E.P.I.). Each macro-unit ends with a revision unit that brings all the content of that unit together and consolidates it through written and oral retrieval-practice tasks. Complex sentence starters Random wheel. Heres the full list (in no particular order): A few days ago I came across a tweet in which a hard-working and very capable language educator I know, an experienced head of Dept at one of the NCELP hub schools, claimed her students showed evidence, in a recently administered test, of impressive progress in the learning of a grammar structure. Hence, if someone gets the target structure wrong, but translates the rest of the sentence correctly, they may obtain a higher grade than someone who gets the target structure right but gets the rest of the sentence wrong. as well as EPI classics such as (2) Sentence puzzles with L1 translation, Find the L2 equivalent in the text Gapped translation, Faulty translation, Tangled translation, Word-substitution, etc. All resources. (Real Operating Conditions). The MARS/EARS method comes under the umbrella of communicative language teaching, which at its heart posits that language education should serve to fulfil real world communication tasks, rather than focus on teaching single words outside of any meaningful context (Conti, 2018). German Sentence Builders is a workbook aimed at beginner to pre-intermediate students co-authored by three modern languages educators with over 50 years of extensive classroom experience between the three, both in the UK and internationally. , Paperback Now, imagine testing the same students on that very same grammar structure 4-5 weeks down the line without any prior revision and without telegraphing the test. How do we know that? Reviewed in Germany on November 28, 2020. Testing whether students have understood how a given structure works (awareness) will require a different assessment task than testing whether that structure has been automatised (fluency). He authors an influential blog on modern language pedagogy in which he supports the teaching of languages through E.P.I. Paperback. A language teacher for around 30 years, I am the founder of the language learning website www.language-gym.com as well as the winner of the 2015 TES (Times Educational Supplement) best-resource-contributor award. . Finally, he runs an influential blog on MFL pedagogy, The Language Gym (gianfrancoconti.com), which has won him several international awards. For instance, in Faulty transcript, the students need to identify and note down the differences between what they listen to and the corresponding transcript; for example, the text they see might say Me llamo Paco whereas the text the teacher reads out would say Me llamo Juan. German Sentence Builders - A Lexicogrammar Approach - ANSWER BOOKLET (The Language Gym - Sentence Builder Books). With higher ability students, a transfer-practice component maybe added in, whereby the structure-at-hand is practised in linguistic contexts and/or tasks different from the one(s) in which it was initially learnt. 13 Nov 2022. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. Japanese - Primary Sentence Builders. Read online free German Sentence Builders Beginners ebook anywhere anytime. NCELP + EPI) creatively adapting EPI to their learning context. The coverage is unambitious, 6. A must have for all teachers of German. As can be seen in figures 1 & 2 below, a typical unit of work lasts a term and consists of five sub-units: four of which deal with new material and consist of MARSEA (Modelling, Awareness-raising, Receptive processing, Structured Production, Expansion and Autonomy) and two of RS (Routinization and Spontaneity) which aim at consolidating and automatizing that material, as well as interweaving it with materials from previous units (e.g. He has also published the best-selling Sentence builders series of workbooks aimed at classroom and independent learning for beginner to intermediate learners of Spanish, French, German and Italian, based on 'EPI', co-authored with his former colleague Dylan Viales, which has been currently adapted to Irish, Welsh, Dutch and other languages. Building learner can-do attitude is key in the design and delivery of an EPI instructional sequence, as self-efficacy is one of the strongest, if not the strongest, predictors of language learning success. These include: (1) traditional vocabulary-building activities such as Gap-fill tasks, Odd one out, Categories, Find the near synonym, Match L1 and L2 equivalents etc. Please note SECOND EDITION is now available and recommended for most users. 21 In order to enable you to understand better, O reader, what positions were occupied by . In EPI, the target vocabulary is selected based on three principles: Many misconceptions are being circulated in UK MFL circles by entities and people who are either misinformed or have a vested interest in portraying EPI as an anti-grammar and anti-phonics approach whereby language learners are fed unanalysed chunks of language whose meaning they learn holistically, without truly grasping the meaning of each individual lexical item they contain nor the underlying grammar that glues them together. Many pupils unpromptedly left the test saying It was easy Miss. Finally, the key to successful teaching is ensuring that the students all of them enjoy learning and succeed at it on a daily basis. In oral production, this process happens in a few hundred milliseconds, which means that grammatical knowledge must be accessed very fast. The main reasons for forgetting refer, of course, to (1) memory decay (2) proactive/retroactive interference and (3) cue-dependent forgetting. He lives in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. : it aims at enabling the learners to skillfully manipulate the constructions modelled in a given unit of work to suit a communicative purpose. Founder, owner and CEO of the leading language learning website The Language Gym, Gianfranco is an applied linguistics MA and PhD graduate with many years of classroom experience. an Editing task involving identifying and fixing errors pertaining to the target structures or a translation or othe retrieval-practice task in which the target structure is task-essential. I hope to meet you at one of the events to, 6th March Curriculum Design Tavistock College, Tavistock (Devon) Contact Alison Savage: a.savage@tavistockcollege.org, 7th March EPI for Primary teachers EAS Consortium (Cardiff) Not open to externals, 8th March EPI for secondary teachers EAS Consortium (Cardiff) Not open to externals, 9th March (6 AM UK time) ONLINE: Dulwich College Shangai Pudong (Becoming an EPI teacher, PART 2) Not open to externals, 9th March (4 PM UK time) ONLINE: Becoming an EPI teacher (PART 3) Different time from the same day course with Dulwich, 10th March Ashtead (Surrey) Becoming an EPI teacher. Dont make the mistake as I did for many years, of explaining a grammar rule, then giving a list of examples and finally asking the students, without any substantive receptive processing, to produce sentences to show you they have understood. To find out more about the approach, do get hold of the best-selling book authored by myself and Steve Smith, Breaking the Sound Barrier: teaching learners how to listen. The real MARSEARS: how an EPI sequence TRULYunfolds, My summer 2022 Professional Development courses around theUK, https://networkforlearning.org.uk/courses/2022-06-08/epi-teacher-17-24-may-7-jun-2022, https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/how-to-use-extensive-processing-instruction-in-the-mfl-classroom-tickets-336766225847?fbclid=IwAR20EEp8OVk7Ke0_gxvTnKYJLs8ubt1Y0HGXNOflmIdyalKta1rPEO-6iZA, https://networkforlearning.org.uk/courses/2022-06-17/epi-teacher-17-jun-2022, https://networkforlearning.org.uk/courses/2022-06-24/curriculum-design-mfl-24-jun-2022, https://assets.cdn.thewebconsole.com/S3DB14202/images/V3DRAFT-2022-MLTAQ-Conference-Timetablev3.pdf?v=2&m=2d64c245f0c6c02361779af5b9671ae6, https://networkforlearning.org.uk/courses/2022-06-28/epi-teacher-28-jun-2022, https://networkforlearning.org.uk/courses/2022-06-29/epi-teacher-29-jun-2022, https://networkforlearning.org.uk/courses/2022-07-04/epi-teacher-4-jul-2022, https://networkforlearning.org.uk/courses/2022-07-05/curriculum-design-mfl-5-jul-2022, https://networkforlearning.org.uk/courses/2022-07-07/epi-teacher-7-jul-2022, Ten misconceptions about EPI (Part 1): on grammar andphonics, Catrin Ahston on how she applies EPI to TESOL in her classroom (Part2), https://catrinesol.wordpress.com/2022/01/20/how-i-use-an-extensive-processing-instruction-epi-approach-with-entry-3-esol-students-part-2/, My language learning website: The Language Gym, My favourite read-aloud tasks and how I use them, My approach: Extensive Processing Instruction (E.P.I.) NCELP does this and I still dont get why. You will automatically exclude a significant chunk of the students and induce quite a few mistakes. The highly-patterned texts are flooded with the target features and contain at least 90 % comprehensible input. Every macro-unit includes 7-8 sub-units for a total of 55 sub-units. Items 5 to 8 refer to the new items, whereas items 1 to 4 refer to the ones taught in the previous unit. through sentence builders). Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. 4. Deep-processing activities can also be embedded in this phase to elicit the greater cognitive investment that according to much research (e.g. Subconscious learning through input flood and repeated processing works in synergy with explicit learning in the way of (1) awareness-raising boxes at the beginning of each sub-unit, (2) tasks focusing the students attention on the target features and (3) metacognitive activities eliciting self-reflection and self-evaluation.